Nasir al-Din Tusi was born today in 1201 in the city of Tus, Khorasan, in what is modern-day Iran. A polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian, Tusi is widely considered to be the creator of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline. He wrote 150 works in both Persian and Arabic, one of the largest collections by a single Islamic author. His achievements included accurate charts of planetary movements, exposition of spherical trigonometry, and theories of biology that some scholars have likened to proto-evolution.